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Country : Costa Rica Official name: República de Costa Rica (Republic of Costa Rica) |
Historical profile
1502 Christopher Columbus visited the region, naming it Costa Rica (Rich Coast).
1561 Colonisation of Costa Rica began. The country became a dependency of Nicaragua within the kingdom of Guatemala in the vice-royalty of Mexico, then known as Nuevo España (New Spain).
1808 Coffee was introduced into Costa Rica and became the country's main crop.
1821 The Central American provinces (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador) declared independence from Spain.
1822 Central American confederation annexed itself to the Mexican Empire, under General Agustín de Iturbde, later Emperor Agustín I.
1823 Agustín I was overthrown and Mexico became a republic. The Central American states formed the United Provinces of Central America.
1825 Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador formed the Central American Federation (CAF).
1838 The CAF was dissolved and Costa Rica became a fully independent republic.
1849 Under the leadership of Juan Rafael Mora, Costa Rica helped organise Central American resistance against William Walker, the US bucaneer who took over Nicaragua.
1859 A coup d'état saw Mora lose power.
1870 Costa Rican leader, Tomás Guardía, began a process of development, encouraging foreign investment in the rail system.
1874 The United Fruit Company began operations in Costa Rica.
1889 The country embraced democracy and Bernardo Soto was elected as the country's first president.
1940 President Rafael Angel Calderón Guardía, founder of the Partido Unidad Social Christiana (PUSC) (Social Christian Unity Party), introduced social reforms, including labour rights and a minimum wage.
1948 The result of the presidential election was annulled after the government's candidate, Rafael Calderón, who came second, refused to accept defeat. An opposition leader, José Figueres Ferrer, led a revolt in favour of the winning candidate, Otilio Ulate. An interim regime was set up, the constitution was changed, the army was abolished and Otilio Ulate became president.
1953 José Figueres Ferrer, a democratic socialist and leader of the Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN) (National Liberation Party), won the election. He began to effect social reforms with the help of the reformist bishop of San José and a communist union leader, remaining president until 1958.
1982 Luis Alberto Monge (PLN) was elected president. He introduced a programme of austerity measures designed to stabilise the deteriorating economy.
1986 Oscar Arías Sánchez (PLN) was elected president and began brokering a peace plan with the leaders of Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to end regional political turbulence and civil war.
1987 Arías won the Nobel Peace Prize for securing a regional peace deal.
1990 Rafael Angel Calderón Fournier of the PUSC was elected president and enacted a series of austerity measures.
1994 José María Figueres (PLN) won the presidential election.
1998 Miguel Angel Rodríguez of the PUSC was elected president.
2000 Costa Rica and Nicaragua reached an agreement to end a dispute over navigation along the San Juan river, which serves as the border between the two countries.
2001 Privatisation of Costa Rica's Pacific ports commenced.
2002 The PUSC defeated the PLN in the parliamentary elections. Abel Pacheco de la Espriella (PUSC) won the run-off election and became president.
2003 Strikes were held by energy and telecommunications workers over President Pacheco's privatisation plans for the sector and by primary and secondary school teachers over problems in paying their salaries. The strikes led to the resignations of three ministers.
2004 Legislators are not able to vote on Costa Rica's fiscal reform measures until a constitutional court has decided whether the former president of the Legislative Assembly acted unconstitutionally.
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