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Historical profile
1917 The Ottoman Arab territory of Palestine (which consisted of what are now Jordan, Israel and Palestine) was occupied by the British. The Balfour Declaration suggested that Palestine should become the national homeland for Europe's Jews.
1922 The Balfour Declaration was ratified by the League of Nations.
1923 Palestinian land to the east of the Jordan river was established as a state (Transjordan) under British mandate.
1936–39 Palestinian political groups formed the Arab Higher Committee to oppose Jewish immigration to Palestine. The Committee co-ordinated a general strike, riots and other activities against both the British and Jews in Palestine.
1939 The British government introduced legislation limiting the number of Jewish immigrants to Palestine.
1945 Many Jews who had survived the Nazi German Holocaust arrived in Palestine. Jewish extremists began to oppose Britain's immigration legislation.
1946 Transjordan became independent and was later re-named Jordan.
1947 After taking over the rule of Palestine, the UN adopted Resolution 181, which called for the establishment of both Jewish and Arab states within Palestine. Fighting broke out between the Arabs and Jews. Egyptian, Iraqi and Jordanian military forces intervened in the fighting on the side of the Palestinian Arabs, eventually gaining control of Jerusalem.
1948 Israel was invaded by neighbouring Arab states. The Jews defeated the Arab forces and declared the state of Israel.
1949 Israel was admitted to the UN.
1956 Egypt blockaded the Red Sea port of Eilat, leading to an invasion by Israel. The US and the Soviet Union imposed a cease-fire.
1967 The Six Day War, after which Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Jerusalem was reunified; 300,000 Palestinian Arabs fled to Jordan.
1973 Several Arab states invaded during the Yom Kippur holiday. They were defeated and Israel took the Golan Heights from Syria.
1978 Prime Minister Menachim Begin and Egyptian Prime Minister Anwar Sadat signed peace accords at Camp David in the US.
1982 Israel invaded southern Lebanon after PLO terrorists had used the area as a base for a low-intensity military campaign against Israel. Despite subsequently withdrawing from most of the territory, Israel maintained forces in Lebanon in order to help secure Israel's northern border.
1987 The Palestinians launched an intifida (uprising) against the Israelis following a traffic accident involving the death of four Palestinians and riots at the Habaliya refugee camp.
1988 The Harakat al Muqawama al Islamia (Hamas) (Islamic Resistance Movement) was formed in the Gaza Strip to undertake armed resistance to Israeli rule in the occupied territories.
1989 There was an upsurge in violence as large numbers of Jews from the Soviet Union began settling in the occupied territories.
1991 Following the end of the Gulf War, a peace conference in Spain allowed the US, the Soviet Union, Arab states, Israel and the Palestinians to begin discussing ways in which the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved.
1993 President Ezer Weizman took office. The Oslo Peace Accords between the PLO and the Israeli government, laid the basis for transfer of authority from the Israeli military administration to the PLO in the Gaza Strip and an undefined area around the town of Jericho in the West Bank.
1995 Avoda (Labour) Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a Jewish zealot. A follow-up treaty, Oslo II, was signed, which envisaged Palestinian autonomy with Israeli troop units withdrawing from the West Bank.
1996 A Likud-led government was elected after the victory of Binyamin Netanyahu in the first ever direct elections for an Israeli prime minister.
1999 Ehud Barak won the elections, defeating Binyamin Netanyahu.
2000 President Ezer Weizman resigned three years before the end of his second term. The Shas party left the coalition government, destroying Prime Minister Barak's parliamentary majority. Meretz then resigned and Shas withdrew its resignation. Moshe Katsav, the Likud party candidate, was elected president by parliament.
In May, Israel withdrew its forces from south Lebanon without reaching an agreement with Syria on the future of the Golan Heights. After Israel's opposition leader, Ariel Sharon, in a controversial visit to the al Aqsa Mosque, confirmed Israel's sovereignty over Muslim holy places in Jerusalem, Palestinians rioted in the West Bank, Gaza and Israel. Prime Minister Barak's proposals included extending the interim peace accords, recognising a Palestinian state and withdrawing from more of the West Bank. The second intifada began.
2001 Ariel Sharon (Likud) was elected prime minister. Ehud Barak resigned both from his post in the Knesset and as chairman of the Avoda party. The Avoda party voted to join in a Government of National Unity (GNU) under Sharon.
Israel imposed a total blockade on the West Bank and Gaza. After Hamas suicide bombers killed 25 people in Jerusalem and Haifa, Israel's government declared Yasser Arafat's Palestinian National Authority (PNA) a terror-supporting organisation. The army attacked the PNA's installations.
2002 The conflict between Israel and Palestine continued. Crown Prince Abdullah ibn Abdel Aziz of Saudi Arabia put forward a peace initiative, suggesting a settlement between Israel and the whole Arab world if Israel withdrew from all Palestinian territories it occupied in the 1967 Middle East War. The US backed a UN Security Council resolution endorsing the idea of a Palestinian state.
Prime Minister Ariel Sharon survived three no-confidence votes in the Knesset. The Avoda party left the GNU in a dispute over the budget, but Sharon decided to carry on with a narrow right-wing coalition until the elections.
2003 Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's Likud party won the January parliamentary elections. In May, US President George W Bush unveiled a peace plan to end the conflict. The plan, the Middle East Road Map to Peace, was supposed to run between 2003–05, with a cease-fire, an end to Jewish settlements in the occupied territories and the creation of an independent Palestinian state. Prime Minister Ariel Sharon persuaded his cabinet to accept the peace plan.
2004 In February, the Prime Minister declared he would remove all Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip. On 3 May, Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's government survived a no-confidence vote (62–46). By December, Sharon's minority coalition was on the brink of collapse after he dismissed four Shinui ministers who had voted against the 2005 budget bill.
2005 On 10 January, Israel's parliament approved Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's new coalition government, giving him a parliamentary majority. A truce was signed on 8 February by Ariel Sharon and Mahmoud Abbas, president of the Palestinian Council, bringing to an end four years of violence between Israel and the Palestinian territories.
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