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Country :Jamaica Official name: Jamaica |
Historical profile
1494 Jamaica was sighted by members of an expedition led by Christopher Columbus.
1509 Jamaica was occupied by Spaniards. Most of the indigenous Arawak community died from exposure to European diseases. African slaves were brought in to work on the sugar plantations.
1655 The British captured the island. Jamaica became a slave-based economy producing sugar and some coffee for export.
1670 Under the terms of the Treaty of Madrid, Jamaica ceded sovereignty to the British.
1692 Jamaican capital, Port Royal, sunk into the sea after an earthquake and Spanish Town became the new capital.
1834 Abolition of slavery.
1865 A major revolt against Jamaican landowners among freed slaves living in hardship was brutally put down by the British. The local legislature surrendered its powers and Jamaica became a crown colony.
1870 Plantations began to replace sugar cane with banana production, due to increased sugar beet production in Europe.
1884 A new constitution marked the revival of Jamaican autonomy.
1930s The worldwide economic depression and greater international competition undermined the Jamaican sugar industry.
1938 Popular uprisings caused by unemployment and resentment of racist British policies led to the establishment of the People's National Party (PNP) by Norman Manley.
1944 Universal adult suffrage was introduced and a new constitution allowed for the election of the House of Representatives.
1958 Jamaica became part of the attempted West Indies Federation.
1962 At the insistence of Prime Minister Alexander Bustamante, Jamaica left the West Indies Federation and gained separate independence as a member of the British Commonwealth. Kingston became the capital city.
1968–69 Protests against poor housing conditions turned into serious riots in Kingston.
1972 Michael Manley became prime minister and pursued a policy of economic self-reliance.
1976 The PNP won another term following elections marked by violence and proceeded to nationalise businesses and build closer ties with Cuba.
1980 Edward Seaga became prime minister after his Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) won the general election and proceeded to privatise state enterprises and to distance Jamaica from Cuba. The US granted the Seaga government substantial aid.
1988 Hurricane Gilbert damaged much of the island.
1989 The PNP ousted the JLP in elections, returning Michael Manley as prime minister. Manley, however, chose to continue Seaga's policy.
1992 Manley retired on health grounds and was succeeded by Percival Patterson.
1993 The PNP was returned to office with an increased majority.
1997 The PNP won a third term in office.
1999 Protests against a new fuel tax spilled over into rioting in several areas. The Jamaican Defence Force (JDF) was ordered onto the streets to tackle the high rate of crime.
2001 Violence broke out in Kingston. There were gun battles between the police and gangs with political links. The army was called out after 25 people had been killed.
2002 The ruling PNP won the parliamentary elections.
2003 In January, the UK introduced a visa requirement for Jamaicans entering the UK.
2004 To tackle the escalating crime wave in St James, the island's tourism capital, in July, more police were brought into the parish and the business community pledged to provide J$200,000 (US$3,289) worth of petrol to the police per month.
Hurricane Ivan, the worst hurricane since 1988, struck Jamaica on 12 September, killing 15 people caught in the devastation. Emergency food and aid had to be airlifted to people marooned throughout the island.
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