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Country : Liberia Official name: Republic of Liberia |
Historical profile
1822 Liberia was created by a number of US philanthropists with the idea that freed slaves would be resettled in Africa. Many refused to go and those who did were met with hostility from the indigenous population.
1847 Liberia was established as an independent state. The US did not formally recognise this status until 1862.
1944–71 Under President William Tubman of the True Whig party (which monopolised power from early in Liberia's existence), the country received massive foreign investment, but this only exacerbated tension between the descendants of the settlers and the indigenous people.
1963 The local people were enfranchised – around 97 per cent of the total population.
1971 Tubman was succeeded by William Tolbert.
1980 Following protests against the government the previous year, Tolbert's government was overthrown in a coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe, who survived several coup attempts and won an 'election' held in 1985. His government proved widely unpopular.
1984 New multi-party constitution.
1990 Opposition groups, led by Prince Johnson and Charles Taylor overran most of Liberia and captured Monrovia. With Johnson and Taylor both claiming the presidency, the West African peacekeeping force, the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (Ecomog), installed Amos Sawyer as head of an Interim Government of National Unity (IGNU). Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) controlled around 90 per cent of Liberia; the remnants of Doe's supporters and Johnson's forces were both encamped within the capital.
1993 After a period of heavy fighting, a UN-sponsored peace accord was signed, calling for the creation of a six-month transitional government representing the IGNU, the NPFL and Doe's supporters and the United Liberation Movement for Democracy (Ulimo).
1994–95 Several agreements were reached, none of which brought a final peace.
1996 An attempt to arrest one faction leader for breaking the truce led to two weeks of serious street fighting in Monrovia until Ecomog regained control. Following the renewed conflict, both the faction leaders and Ecowas agreed to hold elections in 1997.
1997 Charles Taylor and his NPFL won a landslide victory.
1999 The Ghanaian and Nigerian troops, who were part of Ecomog, withdrew from Liberia.
2000 President Charles Taylor announced that his government was forming a new army.
2001 There were rebel attacks on the border between Guinea and Liberia and Liberia closed its border with Sierra Leone.
2002 A state of emergency was declared after rebels (Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD)) attacked a town near the capital, Monrovia.
2003 The UN Security Council extended its arms embargo against Liberia for 12 months and added an export ban on unsawn timber. In June, foreign nationals were evacuated from Monrovia amid fighting by LURD rebels in their campaign against President Charles Taylor, who, despite pressure from the US, initially refused to resign. President Taylor accepted Nigeria's asylum offer. West African peacekeepers entered Monrovia and on 8 August, President Charles Taylor submitted his resignation and named his vice president Moses Blah to take over on 11 August when he left for Nigeria. The government and two rebel groups selected Gyude Bryant, chairman of the Liberia Action Party (LAP), to head Liberia's interim post-war administration; he was sworn in on 14 October.
2004 In February, international donors pledged more than US$500 million in reconstruction aid. The UN Security Council voted in March to freeze the assets of former president Charles Taylor.
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