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Country : Palestine Official name: Palestine |
Historical profile
1917 After being ruled by the Ottoman Empire since the sixteenth century, the British captured Palestine. The British government issued the Balfour Declaration, suggesting that Palestine should become the national homeland to Europe's Jews.
1922 The Balfour Declaration was ratified by the League of Nations.
1923 Palestinian land to the east of the Jordan river was established as a state (Transjordan) under British mandate.
1936–39 Palestinian political groups formed the Arab Higher Committee in an attempt to oppose Jewish immigration to Palestine. The Committee co-ordinated a general strike, riots and other activities against both the British and Jews in Palestine.
1939 The British government introduced legislation limiting the number of Jewish immigrants into Palestine.
1945 Many of the Jews who had survived the Nazi German Holocaust arrived in Palestine. Jewish extremists began to oppose Britain's immigration legislation.
1946 Transjordan became independent and was later re-named Jordan.
1947 After taking over the rule of Palestine, the UN adopted Resolution 181, which called for the establishment of both Jewish and Arab states within Palestine. Fighting broke out between the Arabs and Jews. Egyptian, Iraqi and Jordanian military forces intervened in the fighting on the side of the Palestinian Arabs, eventually gaining control of Jerusalem.
1948–49 The Jews defeated the Arab forces and declared the state of Israel. Israel was admitted to the UN.
1964 The Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) political and terrorist group was formed in Egypt, but later operated from Lebanon. The PLO was involved in a number of armed actions against Israel, including passenger jet hi-jackings.
1965 Harak al Tahir al Falistin (Fatah) (Movement for the Liberation of Palestine) was formed by Arab students in Egypt. The organisation began attacks against Israeli troops.
1967 After the Six Day War, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip; Jerusalem was reunified.
1969 Yasser Arafat was appointed the PLO's chairman.
1973 Arab states officially recognised the PLO as the representative of the Palestinians, later accepted by the UN.
1982 Israel invaded Lebanon to prevent the PLO from carrying out armed resistance to its rule in Palestine. Large numbers of Palestinian refugees were killed by pro-Israeli Lebanese Christian militia at the Sabra and Shatila camps outside Beirut.
1983 The PLO was forced to re-locate to Tunis due to Israel's occupation of Lebanon, which lasted until 1985.
1987 The Palestinians launched an intifida (uprising) against the Israelis following a traffic accident involving the death of four Palestinians and riots at the Habaliya refugee camp.
1988 The Harakat al Muqawama al Islamia (Hamas) (Islamic Resistance Movement) was formed in Gaza Strip to undertake armed resistance to Israeli rule in the occupied territories.
1989 There was an upsurge in violence as large numbers of Jews from the Soviet Union began settling in the occupied territories.
1991 Following the end of the Gulf War, a peace conference in Spain allowed the US, the Soviet Union, Arab states, Israel and the Palestinians to begin discussing ways in which the Israeli-Palestinian conflict could be resolved.
1993 The Oslo Peace Accords, aimed at ending the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, were signed in the US by the PLO and Israel. Among the measures proposed was autonomy for Palestinian areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
1994 Israel began withdrawing from the occupied territories following the signing of an interim agreement. The agreement also set out the legislative and executive powers for Palestinan self-rule.
1995 A second peace agreement (Oslo II) was signed, creating the autonomous Palestinian National Authority (PNA).
1996 Yasser Arafat, chairman of the PLO and Fatah, was elected president of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the assembly of the PNA. Fatah won the parliamentary elections.
1998 The Wye peace agreement, brokered by the US, between the Israelis and the Palestinians, ended 19-months of deadlock in the peace process.
1999 Over 80 per cent of Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) deputies opposed Arafat's plans for a unilateral declaration of Palestinian statehood. The deputies suggested instead that preparation for statehood should start with introducing institutional reforms.
2000 Israel agreed to a further handover of territory to the PNA, allowing it to control 39.8 per cent of the West Bank. However, after Israel's right-wing opposition leader, Ariel Sharon, visited the Temple Mount and reiterated Israel's claims to Muslim holy places in Jerusalem, a second intifada was launched by the Palestinians. A total blockade was imposed by Israel on the West Bank and Gaza.
2001 Sharon was elected as the Israeli prime minister and Israel's stance towards the Palestinians hardened. After Hamas suicide bombers killed 25 people in Jerusalem and Haifa, Israel's government declared Arafat and the PNA a terrorist-supporting organisation. Israel launched Operation 'Defensive Shield' and invaded the PNA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip, attacking its institutions and besieging Arafat's headquarters.
2002 As the Israeli-Palestinian conflict intensified, Saudi Arabia put forward a peace initiative and the US backed a UN Security Council resolution endorsing the idea of a Palestinian state and called for the cessation of hostilities. Yasser Arafat was released from a five-month confinement in Ramallah; he promised to overhaul his regime and to hold elections. He restructured his cabinet, disposing of 11 posts. The PNA cabinet resigned, allowing President Arafat to avoid defeat in a confidence vote. Parliament approved a new PNA cabinet to serve until elections.
2003 In February, Yasser Arafat stated that he would devolve power by creating a new post of prime minister and on 19 March, Mahmoud Abbas was appointed to the post. A new cabinet was sworn in on 30 April. In May, US President George W Bush unveiled a peace plan, the Middle East road map to peace, to end the conflict. The plan was supposed to run between 2003–05, with a cease-fire, an end to Jewish settlements in the occupied territories and the creation of an independent Palestinian state. After a difficult six months as prime minister, Mahmoud Abbas resigned in September; Ahmed Qureia was approved for the post. On 12 November, parliament approved Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia's cabinet.
2004 In February, Israeli prime minister, Ariel Sharon, declared he would remove all Jewish settlements in the Gaza Strip. President Yasser Arafat became ill and died in a Paris hospital on 11 November. He was buried in Ramallah after a funeral in Cairo. Parliament Speaker Rauhi Fattouh became acting president.
2005 On 9 January, Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen) was elected president of the PLC. At the Sharm El Sheikh summit in Egypt, a truce was signed on 8 February by Ariel Sharon and President Mahmoud Abbas, ending four years of violence between Israel and Palestine. On 20 February, President Mahmoud Abbas and the Israeli cabinet approved the removal of Jewish settlers from the Gaza Strip and part of the West Bank and decided that a separation barrier should enclose two large settlements in the West Bank.
Having objected to the first proposed cabinet dominated by the `old guard', on 25 February, parliament approved Prime Minister Ahmed Qureia's revised cabinet composed largely of professionals and technocrats.
On 26 February, responsibility for a suicide bomb outside a nightclub in Tel Aviv, Israel, was declared by the Palestinian militant group Islamic Jihad's office in Damascus, Syria, but the group's leaders in Gaza denied any involvement, suggesting a split.
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