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Country : Sweden Official name: Konungariket Sverige (The Kingdom of Sweden) |
Historical profile
1389–1520 After being a feudal society, Sweden was ruled by Denmark from 1389. The 1520 Massacre of Stockhom when the Danish King Kristian II, in an attempt to assert Danish supremacy, executed a number of Swedish noblemen, led to a revolt, headed by Gustav Eriksson Vasa.
1523 Following the defeat of King Kristian II, Vasa was crowned Gustav I. He established the House of Vasa heralding the start of Sweden's ascendancy in Europe.
1611 Gustav II Adolph (Gustavus Adolphus) became King.
1629 Sweden claimed Prussia and Pomerania (now part of Germany) in the Thirty Years War.
1632 Gustav II was killed at the battle of Lutzen in Saxony (now part of Germany) and was succeeded by his daughter, Kristina.
1654 Kristina abdicated after turning to Catholicism, which was unacceptable in Protestant Sweden.
1771 King Gustav III came to the throne and ruled by absolutism.
1788–90 Sweden invaded Russia in 1788. The war became attritional and Sweden withdrew from Russian territory in 1790 after Swedish troops mutinied.
1792 After King Gustav III was assassinated by members of the Swedish nobility, Gustav IV Adolf became King.
1808–09 Sweden was defeated by the Russians. Finland, which was then part of Sweden, was ceded to Russia. King Gustav IV Adolf was replaced by Karl XII in 1809.
1814 Sweden entered a union with Norway, but gave up parts of Germany.
1905 The emergence of Norwegian nationalism led Norway to declare independence. A parliamentary form of government emerged in Sweden.
1920s The Sveriges Socialdemokratiska Arbetarpartiet (SAP) (Social Democratic Labour Party) first came to power. Except for 1936, the SAP stayed in power from 1932 to 1976.
1939–45 Sweden declared its neutrality during the Second World War, although German troops were transported through its territory to Norway. Sweden also supplied Nazi Germany with iron ore until 1943.
1952 Sweden became a founder member of the Nordic Council.
1959 Sweden became a founder member of the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) with Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Switzerland and the UK.
1969–71 Olof Palme (prime minister 1969–76 and 1982–86) introduced constitutional reforms. The bicameral legislature was replaced by a unicameral legislature, elected by proportional representation.
1975 A new constitution was promulgated. The constitution reduced the powers of the monarchy, making it nothing more than a figurehead with ceremonial duties.
1976 A centre-right coalition government, led by Thorbjörn Fälldin of the Centerpartiet (Cp) (Centre Party), was formed after the parliamentary election. The SAP went into opposition.
1978 The coalition government collapsed due to economic problems and the building of a controversial nuclear power plant. The Folkpartiet Liberalerna (FpL) (People's Party Liberals) formed a new government. Ola Ullsten became prime minister.
1979 The Cp won the parliamentary elections. Fälldin became prime minister.
1982 The SAP won the parliamentary elections. Olof Palme became prime minister again.
1986 Palme was assassinated in Stockholm by an unknown gunman. Ingvar Carlsson succeeded him as prime minister.
1991 After parliamentary elections, the Modetera Samlingspartiet (Moderate Rally Party) formed the government with Carl Bildt as prime minister.
1994 SAP won the general election. Ingvar Carlsson was elected prime minister. Sweden joined Nato's Partnership for Peace (PfP) military co-operation programme.
1995 Sweden joined the EU.
1996 Carlsson stepped down as the leader of the SAP and prime minister. Göran Persson took Carlsson's place.
1998 The SAP remained in power after the parliamentary elections, but with a reduced vote, mainly due to widespread anger at social expenditure cuts.
2002 The SAP won the parliamentary elections and Göran Persson was re-elected prime minister by parliament. The minority government relies on support from the Vänsterpartiet (Vp) (Left Party) and the Miljöpartiet de Gröna (MPGal) (Environmental Party the Greens).
2003 On 11 September, Foreign Minister Anna Lindh died after a stabbing attack. Voters in a referendum said `no' to joining the single European currency.
2004 The man who confessed to killing the foreign minister on impulse, was convicted of her murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, but was sent to a psychiatric hospital on appeal.
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