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Country : Vanuatu Official name: Ripablik blong Vanuatu (Republic of Vanuatu) |
Historical profile
1606 European contact with the islands dates back to 1606, when Ferdinand de Quiros arrived at Big Bay.
1792 Captain Cook explored the islands in 1792, calling the group the New Hebrides.
1980 The country gained independence, having been formerly run as a condominium.
1995 The general election led to a coalition government of the Union of Moderate Parties (UMP) (Francophone) and the National United Party (NUP) (Anglophone). Parliament elected Serge Vohor as prime minister.
1998 A general election was held and Donald Kalpokas formed a coalition government comprising his Vanua'atu Party (VP) (Party of Our Land) and the NUP.
1999 John Bernard Bani was elected president by a consensual vote of all parties, with the exception of the NUP. Parliament elected Barak Sopé prime minister by four votes, effectively ousting Donald Kalpokas, who resigned.
2001 Sopé and his government were ousted following a no-confidence vote, reaffirmed by the Supreme Court. A new government was formed with a coalition of the UMP and the VP, with Edward Natapei appointed as prime minister.
2002 An earthquake struck Vanuatu, causing US$700,000 of damage. The UMP won the parliamentary elections.
2003 A new police commissioner, Robert Diniro Obed, was appointed in February. In November, UMP was ousted from the governing coalition.
2004 In February, Cyclone Ivy caused flooding in many areas and some 1,000 people were evacuated to temporary shelters in Port Vila. Prime Minister Edward Natapei's party, VP, delivered him an ultimatum – resign or face a vote of no confidence. The Prime Minister dissolved parliament rather than contest a vote of no confidence; a caretaker government took over. The snap elections on 6 July resulted in no clear majority for any one party. VP, NUP, Vanuatu Republican Party (VRP), National Community Association (NCA) and People's Progressive Party (PPP) agreed in principle to form a coalition government.
On 24 March, Roger Abiut, speaker of parliament, became acting president following the expiration of John Bani's term. In the first, second and third round of presidential elections, no candidate won a two-thirds majority. On 12 April, in the fourth round, the electoral college elected Alfred Masing Nalo, who was sworn in the same day. On 11 May, President Alfred Maseng was removed from office by the Supreme Court and the speaker of parliament, Roger Abiut, again became acting president.On 29 July, parliament elected Josias Moli as speaker, also acting president. Serge Vohor (leader of the UMP) was elected prime minister. A coalition government was formed. On 16 August, the Electoral College failed to elect a president, but it reconvened on 16 August. Several votes were inconclusive, but the chief justice ordered the electors to continue sitting until a president was chosen, and they finally elected Kalkot Mataskelekele.
On 18 August, Prime Minister Serge Vohor formed a national unity government. An attempted no-confidence vote failed on 1 September, with Prime Minister Serge Vohor's government winning the support of 31 of the 51 members of parliament. On 13 September, the government said it had lost confidence in the country's police commissioner, Robert Di Niro, and suspended him after he had issued orders for the arrest of the Prime Minister for contempt of court, following comments he made on the floor of parliament concerning a recent ruling of the country's chief justice. After negotiations by the Prime Minister's lawyers, the arrest order was replaced by a summons requiring him to appear in court. In December, Prime Minister Serge Vohor was ousted in a no-confidence motion and Ham Lini was elected for the post.
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