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Country :Yemen Official name: Jamhuriya al Yamaniya (Republic of Yemen) |
Historical profile
The north/south division of Yemen took shape in the nineteenth century when the British occupied Aden and established control over its hinterland, restricting Ottoman influence to the north. For much of the twentieth century, north and south developed in very different ways: the north under the rule of hereditary Imams, the south under British colonial rule or protection.
1962 In the north, Imam Ahmad died and was succeeded by his son, but army officers seized power and set up the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR), which sparked off a civil war between royalists, supported by Saudi Arabia, and republicans, backed by Egypt.
1967 The withdrawal of the British from Aden resulted in the establishment of a communist state in the south, comprising Aden and the former protectorate of South Arabia. It was officially known as the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY). A nationalisation programme began.
1970s and 1980s YAR and PDRY were in conflict.
1978 Ali Abdullah Saleh became president of YAR.
1990 YAR and PDRY were unified and became the Republic of Yemen with Ali Abdullah Saleh as president.
1991 A constitution was adopted. Yemen opposed US-led action against Iraq in the Gulf War.
1993 Democratic elections (the first in the Arabian Peninsula) led to a three-party coalition comprising the former ruling party of YAR, General People's Congress (GPC), led by Ali Abdullah Saleh, the former ruling party of the PDRY, Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), led by al Beedh, and a mainly northern Islamic tribal grouping, the Congregation for Reform (Islah). Disputes within the coalition resulted in an escalating political crisis.
1994 The constitution was amended. In spite of the signing of a conciliation agreement, a series of military confrontations broke out, leading to a full-scale war between northern and southern forces. Unity was restored and President Saleh was re-elected by parliament. A coalition government was formed, comprising the GPC and Islah, with the YSP and other smaller parties in opposition.
1995 Yemen and Eritrea clashed over disputed island territory.
1997 The ruling GPC won the first election since the 1994 civil war.
1998 Eritrea and Yemen accepted the ruling of an international court in the Hague over the disputed Hanish islands in the Red Sea.
2000 Yemen and Saudi Arabia signed a treaty resolving 65 years of dispute over land and sea boundaries. US naval vessel, USS Cole, was damaged in a suicide attack in Aden; a bomb exploded at the British Embassy.
2001 Violence marred the run-up to the municipal elections. In a referendum, voters approved the extension of the president's term of office by two years to seven years and the parliamentary term by two years to six years. President Saleh told US President Bush that Yemen would join the fight against terrorism.
2002 Jarallah Omar, secretary general of the opposition party, YSP, was assassinated by an Islamic militant. Yemen expelled more than 100 foreign Islamic scholars. Supertanker Limburg was badly damaged in an explosion off the coast of Yemen.
2003 The ruling GPC won the April parliamentary elections. The 10 chief suspects in the bombing of the USS Cole escaped from custody in Aden.
2004 In March, two militants, suspected of masterminding the bombing of USS Cole, were re-arrested by the Yemeni authorities. Fifteen men were sentenced in August on terror charges, including the supertanker Limburg bombing in 2002. In September, government troops killed rebel cleric, Hussein al Houthi, the leader of a revolt in the north.
2005 There was more fighting during March–April between government forces and al Houthi supporters.
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